![]() The ambitious development program of Indiana's founders was realized when Indiana became the fourth-largest state in terms of population, as measured by the 1860 census. Acting under its new Constitution of 1851, the state government enacted major financial reforms, required that most public offices be filled by election rather than appointment, and greatly weakened the power of the governor. By 1841, the state was near bankruptcy and was forced to liquidate most of its public works. Despite the noble aims of the project, profligate spending ruined the state's credit. State founders initiated an internal improvement program that led to the construction of roads, canals, railroads, and state-funded public schools. The newly established state government set out on an ambitious plan to transform Indiana from a segment of the frontier into a developed, well-populated, and thriving state. As Indiana Territory grew in population and development, it was divided in 1805 and again in 1809 until, reduced to its current size and boundaries, it retained the name Indiana and was admitted to the Union Decemas the nineteenth state. In 1800, Indiana Territory became the first of these new territories established. Congress subsequently subdivided into several smaller territories. The largest of these was the Northwest Territory, which the U.S. government divided the trans-Allegheny region into several new territories. Britain held the land for more than twenty years, until after its defeat in the American Revolutionary War, then ceded the entire trans-Allegheny region, including what is now Indiana, to the newly formed United States. ![]() After France ruled for a century (with little settlement in this area), it was defeated by Great Britain in the French and Indian War ( Seven Years' War) and ceded its territory east of the Mississippi River. The region entered recorded history in the 1670s, when the first Europeans came to Indiana and claimed the territory for the Kingdom of France. Tribes succeeded one another in dominance for several thousand years and reached their peak of development during the period of Mississippian culture. state in the Midwest, stems back to the migratory tribes of Native Americans who inhabited Indiana as early as 8000 BC. The history of human activity in Indiana, a U.S.
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